Damage states

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Vehicle damage is stored in 4 values: Panels, Doors, Lights and Tires. Each value holds a bit mask of the state of all the panels/doors/light/tires. This means you need to use bitwise operators to work with them (most of the time). For example, the 'tires' status stores 4 bits for the 4 tires. The value is 1 if the tire is popped, and 0 if it is not popped. So, for example, a value of '1010' means both the front tires are popped, and the rear ones are not. To make working with these easier, there are some encoding and decoding functions, which can be found below with example usage.

// Panels
decode_panels(panels, &front_left_panel, &front_right_panel, &rear_left_panel, &rear_right_panel, &windshield, &front_bumper, &rear_bumper)
{
    front_left_panel = panels & 15;
    front_right_panel = panels >> 4 & 15;
    rear_left_panel = panels >> 8 & 15;
    rear_right_panel = panels >> 12 & 15;
    windshield = panels >> 16 & 15;
    front_bumper = panels >> 20 & 15;
    rear_bumper = panels >> 24 & 15;
}

encode_panels(front_left_panel, front_right_panel, rear_left_panel, rear_right_panel, windshield, front_bumper, rear_bumper)
{
    return front_left_panel | (front_right_panel << 4) | (rear_left_panel << 8) | (rear_right_panel << 12) | (windshield << 16) | (front_bumper << 20) | (rear_bumper << 24);
}

// Doors
decode_doors(doors, &bonnet, &boot, &driver_door, &passenger_door)
{
    bonnet = doors & 7;
    boot = doors >> 8 & 7;
    driver_door = doors >> 16 & 7;
    passenger_door = doors >> 24 & 7;
}

encode_doors(bonnet, boot, driver_door, passenger_door)
{
    return bonnet | (boot << 8) | (driver_door << 16) | (passenger_door << 24);
}

// Lights
decode_lights(lights, &front_left_light, &front_right_light, &back_lights)
{
    front_left_light = lights & 1;
    front_right_light = lights >> 2 & 1;
    back_lights = lights >> 6 & 1;
}

encode_lights(front_left_light, front_right_light, back_lights)
{
    return front_left_light | (front_right_light << 2) | (back_lights << 6);
}

// Tires
decode_tires(tires, &rear_right_tire, &front_right_tire, &rear_left_tire, &front_left_tire)
{
    rear_right_tire = tires & 1;
    front_right_tire = tires >> 1 & 1;
    rear_left_tire = tires >> 2 & 1;
    front_left_tire = tires >> 3 & 1;
}

encode_tires(rear_right_tire, front_right_tire, rear_left_tire, front_left_tire)
{
    return rear_right_tire | (front_right_tire << 1) | (rear_left_tire << 2) | (front_left_tire << 3);
}

For more info on panel states, see here.
For more info on door states, see here.
For more info on light states, see here.
For more info on tire states, see here.